When and Why are Land Surveys Carried Out in the Construction Industry?

Image by rawpixel.com on Freepik

Land surveys are a crucial part of the construction process in the UK. They provide important information about a site that informs decisions during planning, design and construction. There are several reasons land surveys may be commissioned at different stages of a project.

Before Construction Begins

Site Surveys

A site survey is usually one of the first tasks completed before construction begins. It thoroughly maps the site and identifies any features or constraints that could impact the build. This includes:

• Topography – contour mapping showing changes in ground level
• Hydrology – bodies of water, flood zones, drainage
• Access – roads, rights of way, entrances
• Vegetation – trees, hedges, habitat for wildlife
• Existing structures
• Ground conditions – stability, suitability for foundations
• Environmental factors – contamination, pollution, noise

The survey results are used to inform feasibility studies, develop accurate designs, gain planning permission and assist with preliminary cost estimates.

Utility Surveys

Underground utility surveys carried out by firms like csw-surveys.co.uk use ground penetrating radar to look for the locations of underground utilities such as gas and water pipes, sewers, and electricity cables.

Boundary Surveys

A boundary survey precisely defines the perimeter and size of a site. It is important for confirming the property line locations and avoiding encroachment issues with neighbouring lots. Boundary markers may be added during this survey.

Legal Surveys

Legal surveys ensure proper title to a site and identify any rights, restrictions or easements attached to the land. The findings are used when transferring deed ownership.

During Construction

Progress Surveys

Regular progress surveys are carried out in stages throughout the construction phase. They check vertical and horizontal positioning of the structural elements against the design plans. This helps identify any alignment issues early so they can be corrected before additional work is completed.

As-built Surveys

An as-built survey documents the final positions and dimensions of the structures and services after construction finishes. This creates a record of what was actually built on site. It is important for maintenance, renovations and determining compliance with regulations.

Post Construction

Volumetric Surveys

A volumetric survey can be done after the project is complete to precisely measure the total cubic volume of the building. This is useful for calculations related to taxes, valuation and potential demolition.

Thermal Performance Surveys

Thermal imaging and heat loss surveys evaluate the energy efficiency of the finished building. They identify areas with poor insulation so improvements can be made.

Further inspections may be scheduled over the lifespan of the property to monitor settlement, check foundations and ensure structural integrity. Regular surveys are also key after renovations, retrofits or if issues arise requiring repairs.

Land surveys provide essential data at every phase of construction projects. They enable informed planning and design, assist with legal compliance, and help monitor progress during the build. Thorough surveying reduces errors, delays and costs for developers. Surveys continue to play an important role even after the keys are handed over, providing valuable information to owners and facility managers.